Septic questions, answered
How often should my septic tank be pumped?
It depends on the tank size, household size, water use and whether you use a garbage disposal. EPA guidance is that household septic tanks are typically pumped every three to five years. A contractor who measures sludge and scum levels can recommend the right interval for your home.
What shouldn't go into a septic system?
Avoid wipes (including "flushable" ones), paper towels, feminine products, diapers, dental floss, cat litter, grease, large amounts of harsh chemicals, solvents, paint and medicines. Flush only toilet paper.
Do septic additives help?
Additives aren't a substitute for regular pumping. A septic system with normal household use generally has the bacteria it needs. Pumping and careful use are what keep it working.
How do I find my septic tank?
Check your property records or the county's permit file for a site drawing. The tank is usually a short distance from the house in line with the main sewer pipe. A contractor can locate it with probes or a locating device. Installing risers makes future service easier.
What are signs of a failing drain field?
Soggy ground, standing water or odors over the field, unusually green grass in dry weather, slow drains and backups, and sewage surfacing in the yard. If you notice these, reduce water use and call for an inspection.
Can I drive or build over my drain field?
No. Vehicles and structures compact soil and can crush pipes, and paving prevents the soil from breathing. Keep the drain field open, planted only with grass or shallow-rooted plants.
Does a garbage disposal hurt a septic system?
It adds solids to the tank, which means the tank fills faster and needs more frequent pumping. If you have a disposal, use it sparingly and plan on shorter pumping intervals.
Do I need a septic inspection when buying a house?
It's strongly recommended, and some counties require it. Ask for system records and have a contractor pump and inspect the tank and evaluate the drain field before closing.
How much water use is too much for a septic system?
Systems are designed for a certain daily flow based on the number of bedrooms. Large spikes, such as many loads of laundry in one day, or constant leaks, can overload the drain field. Spread out water use and fix leaks promptly.
Can a septic system contaminate my well?
A failing system can contaminate groundwater and nearby wells. Proper pumping, maintenance and separation distances between wells and drain fields protect water supplies. If you're on a private well, test it regularly.
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